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OBJECTIVE: To develop on-line high performance liquid chromatography-biochemical detection (HPLC-BCD) METHODS: to screen effective components in Ginkgo biloba extract for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.METHODS: Radical scavengers and AchE inhibitors in G.biloba leave extract were screened by HPLC-UV-DPPH/ABTS and HPLC-UV-AchE METHODS:, respectively. The stability and repeatability of the on-line HPLC-UV-AchE method were investigated using galanthamine as a positive reference. The main active ingredients in the extract were identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS) method. RESULTS: Fourteen antioxidants in G.biloba extract were detected by the HPLC-UV-DPPH/ABTS method, while three AchE inhibitors were found by the HPLC-UV-AchE method. The three AchE inhibitors were tentatively identified by UPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS as 4-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-cis-coumaric acid ginkgolide A and 3-O-[2-O-(β-D-Glucosyl)-α-L-rhamnosyl]quercetin, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed on-line HPLC-BCD method shows high sensitivity, good repeatability and stability. It can be used to screen antioxidants and AchE inhibitors in G. biloba extract. This will provide an effective, quick and convenient analysis tool to quickly find bioactive ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines for treating related diseases.
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Objective: Analysis for the differences of protein polypeptide ingredients in Zhenzhu Mingmu Eye Drops and Zhenzhuye in order to provide the reference data to ensure the stability of production process of crude material and effectively control the quality of Zhenzhu Mingmu Eye Drops. Methods: Polypeptide ingredients in Zhenzhu Mingmu Eye Drops and Zhenzhuye were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF MS in positive mode using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column. Mobile phase is acetonitrile-0.1% methanol; Contents of 16 amino acids were detected by pre-column derivatization RP-HPLC method. Results: Molecular weight (MW) of polypeptide and the contents of the amino acids in Zhenzhu Mingmu Eye Drops and Zhenzhuye were significantly different. In the five manufacturers, MW of polypeptide was less than 2000 in Zhenzhuye samples from the three manufacturers, while MW of polypeptides were 500-4746 for samples of the other two manufacturers and MW of main polypeptides were higher than 2000.MW ranges of main polypeptides in Zhenzhu Mingmu Eye Drops from two manufacturers were 2000-4000 and beyond 4000. There were not the polypeptides with MW beyond 4000 in samples of the other five manufacturers. The content percentages of 16 amino acids in Zhenzhu Mingmu Eye Drops from the seven manufacturers were obviously different. The mass concentration ratios of proline and alanine in Zhenzhuye produced by acid/enzyme hydrolysis from two manufacturers are beyond 1.For the other five manufacturers with water extract technique, the mass concentration ratios of proline and alanine are below 1. Conclusion: The quality standard of Zhenzhuye should be revised and water extract should be applied in preparation process to ensure the effective ingredients polypeptides (500-5000). In quality standard of Zhenzhu Mingmu Eye Drops and Zhenzhuye, the mass concentration ratio of proline/alanine and the total contents of amino acids should be added as check and content determination items, respectively, so as to effectively control the quality of Zhenzhu Mingmu Eye Drops and ensure its validity.
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The risk factors and precautions of inpatient suicide were explored. Thirty suicide victims were drawn from the adverse event reports of suicidal act during hospitalization in a general hospital from 2008 to 2014. Data were gathered from the focus group interviews of twelve nurses who had experienced inpatient suicide. The data were analyzed by using analytical technique based on grounded theory, and software QSR NVIVO8 was used to aid the collation of data. Three main themes of risk factors about inpatient suicide emerged from the analysis: individual value, social factors and environmental factors. The individual value was categorized into different groups such as sense of guilt, hopelessness and low self-esteem. Social factors included two aspects of negative life events and social support. Three themes of precautions about inpatient suicide appeared in this study: evaluation, nursing and information exchange. Evaluation was elaborated from both physical and psychological assessments. This finding extends existing work of risk factors and precautions about inpatient suicide and brings new knowledge about the reasons why inpatients commit suicide.
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The risk factors and precautions of inpatient suicide were explored. Thirty suicide victims were drawn from the adverse event reports of suicidal act during hospitalization in a general hospital from 2008 to 2014. Data were gathered from the focus group interviews of twelve nurses who had experienced inpatient suicide. The data were analyzed by using analytical technique based on grounded theory, and software QSR NVIVO8 was used to aid the collation of data. Three main themes of risk factors about inpatient suicide emerged from the analysis: individual value, social factors and environmental factors. The individual value was categorized into different groups such as sense of guilt, hopelessness and low self-esteem. Social factors included two aspects of negative life events and social support. Three themes of precautions about inpatient suicide appeared in this study: evaluation, nursing and information exchange. Evaluation was elaborated from both physical and psychological assessments. This finding extends existing work of risk factors and precautions about inpatient suicide and brings new knowledge about the reasons why inpatients commit suicide.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Inpatients , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Psychology , Qualitative Research , Risk Factors , SuicideABSTRACT
AIM@#To establish the Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint of Polygonum cuspidatum to evaluate the quality of P. cuspidatum.@*METHODS@#An on-line HPLC-DAD-flow injection chemiluminescence (FICL) method was developed to investigate the quality of P. cuspidatum from different habitats based on the established Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint.@*RESULTS@#Nineteen batches of samples of P. cuspidatum were evaluated for the similarity of their chromatographic and free radical scavenging fingerprints, and the results compared. Main antioxidants were estimated by regression analysis between peak areas of thirteen compounds and their activities. Some active compounds were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS.@*CONSULSIONS@#The results indicated that main antioxidants in P. cuspidatum could be rapidly screened by the established Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint based on on-line HPLC-DAD-FICL, and would be more efficient and objective method to evaluate the quality of P. cuspidatum.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Fallopia japonica , Chemistry , Flow Injection Analysis , Luminescence , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Objective To observe and compare the efficacy and safety between propofol-fentanyl and propo- fol-ketamine for anesthesia of artificial abortion.Methods 450 ASA physical statusⅠandⅡpatients scheduled for elective artificial abortion were randomized into three groups:P group were given intravenous normal saline 2ml be- fore propofol(n=150) ;PF group were given intravenous fentanyl 1?g/kg then propofol(n=150);PK group were given intravenous ketamine 0.4mg/kg then propofol(n=150).Total dose of propofol,extinction time of lash reflex, heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO_2),time to open the eye when called, time of full recovery(answering correctly and walking unaided),discomfort,awareness during operation,self-feeling were recorded.Analysis of date was with SPSS 12.0.P＜0.05 was considered significant.Results No episodes of nausea,vomiting,cardio-cerebral syndrome or awareness were noted in all patients;Total dose of propofol,and extinc- tion time of lash reflex in P group were significantly more than those in PK or PF group(P＜0.05),but there was no difference between PK and PF group;MAP,minimum HR and SpO_2 during operation were obviously lower than preoperation or postoperation in those in P or PF group,minimum HR and SpO_2 during operation in P group were significantly lower than in PF or PK group;Minimum HR and SpO_2 during operation in PK group were lower than preoperation,but its decrease extent was less than that in P or PF group(P＜0.05);Time to eye opening in PF or PK group was significantly less than that in P group(P＜0.05);Time to full recovery were not different in three groups;Incidence of pain on injection in PF group(10%)or PK group(8%)was obviously lower than P group (80%);Incidence of coughing and moving during operation in PF group(8%)or PK group(6%)was obviously less than P group(30%);No difference were noted with respect to degree of comfort,time of full recovery,bleeding vol- ume during operation,time to operation.Conclusion Painless artificial abortion can be preformed effectively and safely with propofol-fentanyl or propofol-ketamine,propofol-ketamine especially fits for painless artificial abortion compared with propofol-fantanyl.
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Objective To evaluate the injuries in Jiangyou Field Hospital first week after Wenchuan earthquake,and accumulate experience for better medical services and better-built field hospitals to meet the demands of the earthquake-stricken areas.Methods Classification was performed in 1 905 patients with emergency treatment.The medical records of those with hospital stay were retrospectively analysed,including geographical distribution,trauma type,diagnosis,initial treatment and outcomes.Results Six hundred and twenty-nine(33%)patients were hospitalized,with an average of 2 to 100 years old(median,41.2).Three hundred and eighty-four patients(61%)were admitted within the first three days after earthquake.The patients were mainly from Jiangyou City(245,39%),Beichuan County(194,31%)and Pingwu County (158,25%).The most common types of injuries were superficial lacerations(326,51.8%),fractures(202,32.1%) and soft tissue contusions/sprains(87,13.9%),among whom 15 experienced severe squeeze.There were 318 injuries to pelvis and extremities(50.6%),117 to head(18.6%)and 43 to back(6.8%),and 73 cases had multiple injuries (11.6%).Of 376 patients(59.8%)with operation,326 received debridement,21 external fixation,19 internal fixation, 11 amputation,4 laparotomy,4 fasciotomy and 2 craniotomy.The incidence of postoperative infections was 11.8%.Death occurred in 39 patients due to cerebral trauma,pelvic fracture,abdominal hemorrhage and multiple injuries.Conclusion When the earthquake has destroyed the major medical facilities,rapid organization of medical rescue teams,making full use of remaining medical resources and recovering electricity play an important role in the rescue of victims and reduction of mortality.Orthopaedic surgeons must dominate the medical teams as most of the earthquake victims suffer from injuries to the extremities.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between microwave radiation and male reproductivity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After filling out questionnaire and body check, we carried out molecular epidemiological studies, using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and sperm automatic analysis among people working on radar.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Quality of semen and semi-clinical injury of sperm among the people working on radar had changed when radar electromagnetic wave frequency distance, intensity, lasting time and protection shield were changing. Dose-response relationship was noticed and the increase of sperm dysmorphia played a principal role. The results between exposed group and control group showed significant difference (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>People working on radar who suffered from non-ionization for long time and had bad radar shield protection would show semi-clinical injury on sperm and bad semen quality. However, it did not affect the male reproductive function. It was necessary to reinforce the protection of non-ionization and to improve male reproductive health care of people working on radar.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Comet Assay , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Fertility , Physiology , Radiation Effects , Occupational Exposure , Radar , Radiation, Nonionizing , Spermatozoa , Cell Biology , Radiation Effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects on male reproductive function working under cold area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After on site investigation, advanced molecular lab analysis-single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) which are combined with semen routine analysis were used to evaluate semen quality and sperm sub-clinical injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Semen routine analysis showed that the semen parameters of the males working in cold area were within normal range, but level I comet cell percentage in SCGE increased significantly, which was 4.4%, compared to the contrast group (1.9%) with significant difference. During sperm chromatin structure assay parameters, comp alpha t increased, with an average value of 22.26%. The two kinds of results both showed single and double strand breakages in sperm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term exposure to cold could induce sperm DNA injury, but not affect sperm quality. The results suggested that it was important to reinforce the reproductive care in males working in cold areas.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Chromatin , Chemistry , Cold Climate , Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Fertility , Semen , Sperm Count , Spermatozoa , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the correlation between abnormal sperm parameters and reproductive hormones and reinforced training.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemic investigation were done between two different groups by determining endocrine hormone and standard clinical sperm analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparison between reinforced training group and non-training group showed decreased sperm velocity but no change on sperm moving form, increased teratism sperm percentage but no change on sperm number, decreased plasma testosterone but no change on LH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reinforced training has correlation with weak part of sperm parameter analysis and reproductive hormones.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Luteinizing Hormone , Metabolism , Military Personnel , Semen , Metabolism , Sperm Count , Sperm Motility , Physiology , Spermatozoa , Physiology , Testosterone , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To analysis the correlation between parameters of sperm chromatin structure assay(SCSA) and semen routine analysis, and to discuss the reliable methods of semen quality evaluation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundred and eleven semen samples were detected to analyse the mutiple-parameter correlation between results of SCSA (COMP alpha t) and semen routine analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The parameters that have low-level positive correlation(r: 0.10-0.30) with denatured sperm percentage(COMP alpha t) were viscosity, ejaculation interval, abnormal sperm ratio, concentration of grade c sperm; those having low-level negative correlation(r: -0.30(-)-0.10) were VDL, VSL and VAP; those having mid-level positive correlation (r: 0.30-0.70) were sperm concentration, percentage of grade d sperm; those having mid-level negative correlation (r: -0.70(-)-0.30) were MAD, percentage of grade a sperm and survival rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Flow cytometry can be used to evaluate the percentage of denatured or injured sperm rapidly, correctly and simply. The result (COMP alpha t) correlates partly with semen parameters, and it is not a conclusively parameter compared with routine semen analysis. It is important to use SCSA to evaluate productivity under the above situation.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Chromatin , Chemistry , DNA Damage , Flow Cytometry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Semen , Sperm Count , Spermatozoa , ViscosityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the effects of overtraining on human sperm DNA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Molecular epidemiological investigation of 249 men from different groups (training and non-training) was carried out by using flow cytometer to detect the integrity and damage of in situ DNA of sperm nucleus, and sperm chromatin structure assay was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average COMPalpha(t) in training group was 11.02% while that in control group was 5.90% (P < 0.01). COMPalpha(t) was significantly correlated with sperm activity (r = 0.41, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Overtraining could induce sperm DNA injury and affect sperm activity, thus to decrease the potentiality of reproduction.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Chromatin , Genetics , Metabolism , DNA Fragmentation , Exercise , Physiology , Sperm Motility , Physiology , Spermatozoa , Cell Biology , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the inflicted by radar electromagnetic radiation to the sperm DNA of radar operators.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sperm concentration, viability, motility, sperm abnormality were determined by routine sperm analysis and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) in the highly exposed group(n = 88), lowly exposed group(n = 143) and control group(n = 39).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sperm motility, viability of the highly exposed group reduced compared with that of the lowly exposed group and control group, while sperm abnormality increased. The COMP alpha reduction of the highly exposed group indicated that the highly exposed group had a medium fertility potential. The multifactor variable analysis showed that daily working time was a dangerous factor in sperm abnormality and abstinence time was a dangerous factor in the parameter of SCSA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Radar radiation inflicts damage to male reproduction system and it is important to take protective measures.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chromatin , DNA Damage , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Electromagnetic Phenomena , Occupational Exposure , Radar , Spermatozoa , Radiation EffectsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To detect the sperm DNA damage and to evaluate its significance in male reproductive using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred and eighteen sperm samples were analysed using the computer assisted analysis system and SCGE. The sperms samples were divided into five grades according to the extent of the sperm nuclear DNA damage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. When the sperm density is less than 20 x 10(6)/ml, the occurence of grade II and III are increased significantly; 2. In the unmotile grade d sperm the occurence of grade I comet amounts was 5.39%, the occurence of grade II and III was remarkably increased. There was a evidently variance between the grade d and grade a + b sperm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SCGE can be used to detect the sperm DNA breakage and to evaluate the sperm quality and damage.</p>